Monday, September 29, 2008
Tuesday, September 23, 2008
Class Notes September 23rd
Today’s Objectives:
Examine Parallel Novels
Read and Respond to Beowulf
Parallel Novels
This novel is one of most famous examples of a parallel novel. A parallel novel is a work of fiction that exists within, or derives from, the framework of another work of fiction by another author. They usually have the same setting and time period, and many of the same characters, but are told from a different perspective. Examples include:
Wicked by Gregory Maguire parallels The Wizard of Oz
The Wind Done Gone by Alice Randall parallels Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell)
The Hours by Michael Cunningham parallels Mrs Dalloway by Virginia Woolf
Do you know any others??? Tell me Friday!
Gardner’s Grendel
Completed in 1970.
As a professor of English specializing in medieval literature, Gardner had been teaching Beowulf, the source of inspiration for Grendel, for many years at various colleges. A relatively minor character in Beowulf, Grendel is a symbol for "darkness, chaos, and death," according to critic John M. Howell in Understanding John Gardner.
In Gardner’s version, however, Grendel becomes a three-dimensional character with,"a sense of humor and a gift for language." Grendel even has a weakness for poetry. As a would-be artist, Grendel strives, however comically, to escape from his baseness. Such is the power of art, Gardner seems to be saying, that even a monster can be affected by it. Gardner also develops the theme of heroism as another moral force that enables society to advance by elevating
Gardner builds up the role of Grendel’s mother to emphasize, through her inarticulateness, the importance of language in the development of civilization. Gardner also creates a relationship between Grendel and the dragon (another minor character in the original epic) in order to expand the concept of nihilism the belief that there is no purpose to existence.
Through these changes, Gardner is able to develop themes that recur not only in Grendel but throughout his other works: the struggle between good and evil, the clash between order and disorder, the hero’s sacrifice and achievement of immortality, and the importance of art and the artist as a means of affirming the moral meaning of life.
From Grendel
And so I come through trees and towns to the lights of Hrothgar’s meadhall. I am no stranger here. A respected guest. Eleven years now and going on twelve I have come up this clean-mown central hill, dark shadow out of the woods below, and have knocked politely on the high oak door, bursting its hinges and sending the shock of my greeting inward like a cold blast out of a cave. “Grendel!” they squeak, and I smile like exploding spring. The old Shaper, a man I cannot help but admire, goes out the back window with his harp at a single bound, though blind as a bat. The drunkest of Hrothgar’s thanes come reeling and clanking down from their wall-hung beds, all shouting their meady, outrageous boasts, their heavy swords aswirl like eagles’ wings. “Woe, woe, woe!” cries Hrothgar, hoary with winters, peeking in, wide-eyed, from his bedroom in back. His wife, looking in behind him, makes a scene. The thanes in the meadhall blow out the lights and cover the wide stone fireplace with shields. I laugh, crumple over; I can’t help myself. In the darkness, I alone see clear as day. While they squeal and screech and bump into each other, I silently sack up my dead and withdraw to the woods. I eat and laugh and eat until I can barely walk, my chest-hair matted with dribbled blood, and then the roosters on the hill crow, and dawn comes over the roofs of the houses, and all at once I am filled with gloom again.
Beowulf Questions 7-12
7. Lines 131 to 142. What has happened to Grendel?8. Lines 172-178. What is Hrothgar asking Beowulf to do?
9. Lines 179-203. Describe how Beowulf comes to the lair of Grendel's mother. What details remind you that Beowulf is not an ordinary man?
10. Lines 216 to 241. What details in this description of the battle between Grendel’s mother and Beowulf add to your suspense about the outcome? At what point do you think Beowulf may not be successful? What saves him?
11. Lines 242 to 254. How does Beowulf kill Grendel’s mother?
12. Lines 257 to 274. What is Beowulf’s final revenge against Grendel? What action of Beowulfs provides a resolution, or wrapping up, of the episode?
Lines 204-221
Then he saw The mighty water witch, and swung his sword,
His ring-marked blade, straight at her head; The iron sang its fierce song, Sang Beowulf’s strength. But her guest Discovered that no sword could slice her evil Skin, that Hrunting could not hurt her, was useless Now when he needed it. They wrestled, she ripped And tore and clawed at him, bit holes in his helmet, And that too failed him; for the first time in years Of being worn to war it would earn no glory; It was the last time anyone would wear it. But Beowulf Longed only for fame, leaped back
Into battle. He tossed his sword aside, Angry; the steel-edged blade lay where He’d dropped it. If weapons were useless he’d use His hands, the strength in his fingers. So fame Comes to the men who mean to win it And care about nothing else!
Lines 260-275
His heart still angry. He was hunting another Dead monster, and took his weapon with him For final revenge against Grendel’s vicious Attacks, his nighttime raids, over And over, coming to Herot when Hrothgar’s Men slept, killing them in their beds, Eating some on the spot, fifteen Or more, and running to his loathsome moor With another such sickening meal waiting In his pouch. But Beowulf repaid him for those visits, Found him lying dead in his corner, Armless, exactly as that fierce fighter Had sent him out from Herot, then struck off His head with a single swift blow. The body Jerked for the last time, then lay still….
Examining our Hero
In the Hero freewrite, you were asked to list the qualities and virtues of your personal hero.
The class listed honesty, courage, integrity and loyalty as essential characteristics.
In the last passage, Beowulf show himself to be boastful, vengeful and motivated by fame.
Is he really an archetypal hero??
Assignment: Read and Respond to Beowulf Part Two
Sign into your account at my.hrw.com. Read pages 33-38 in the online book. To help you understand what is happening in the story, answer each of the following questions, as you come across certain lines in the text.
275 to 287.
How is this older Beowulf different from the Beowulf who slew Grendel and his mother?
288 to 296. How does Beowulf’s acceptance of fate show his deep sense of responsibility to his people?
Intro to Part Two
Beowulf carries Grendel’s head to King Hrothgar and then returns gift-laden to the land of the Geats, where he succeeds to the throne. After fifty winters pass, Beowulf, now an old man, faces his final task: He must fight a dragon who, angry because a thief has stolen a jeweled cup from the dragon’s hoard of gold, is laying waste to the Geats’ land. Beowulf and eleven warriors are guided to the dragon’s lair by the thief who stole the cup. For Beowulf the price of this last victory will be great.
The Final Battle Lines 275-296
Then he addressed each dear companion one final time, those fighters in their helmets, resolute and high-born: "I would rather not use a weapon if I knew another way to grapple with the dragon and make good my boast as I did against Grendel in days gone by. But I shall be meeting molten venom in the fire he breathes, so I go forth in mail-shirt and shield. I won’t shift a foot when I meet the cave-guard: what occurs on the wall between the two of us will turn out as fate, overseer of men, decides. I am resolved. I scorn further words against this sky-borne foe.
"Men at arms, remain here on the barrow,° safe in your armour, to see which one of us is better in the end at bearing wounds in a deadly fray. This fight is not yours, nor is it up to any man except me to measure his strength against the monster or to prove his worth. I shall win the gold by my courage, or else mortal combat, doom of battle, will bear your lord away."
Lines 297-317
Then he drew himself up beside his shield. The fabled warrior in his warshirt and helmet trusted in his own strength entirely and went under the crag. No coward path. Hard by the rock-face that hale° veteran, a good man who had gone repeatedly into combat and danger and come through, saw a stone arch and a gushing stream that burst from the barrow, blazing and wafting a deadly heat. It would be hard to survive unscathed near the hoard, to hold firm against the dragon in those flaming depths. Then he gave a shout. The lord of the Geats unburdened his breast and broke out in a storm of anger. Under grey stone his voice challenged and resounded clearly. Hate was ignited. The hoard-guard recognized a human voice, the time was over for peace and parleying.° Pouring forth in a hot battle-fume, the breath of the monster burst from the rock. There was a rumble under ground.
Coming up!!
What is the rumble??
What happens next??
Examine Parallel Novels
Read and Respond to Beowulf
Parallel Novels
This novel is one of most famous examples of a parallel novel. A parallel novel is a work of fiction that exists within, or derives from, the framework of another work of fiction by another author. They usually have the same setting and time period, and many of the same characters, but are told from a different perspective. Examples include:
Wicked by Gregory Maguire parallels The Wizard of Oz
The Wind Done Gone by Alice Randall parallels Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell)
The Hours by Michael Cunningham parallels Mrs Dalloway by Virginia Woolf
Do you know any others??? Tell me Friday!
Gardner’s Grendel
Completed in 1970.
As a professor of English specializing in medieval literature, Gardner had been teaching Beowulf, the source of inspiration for Grendel, for many years at various colleges. A relatively minor character in Beowulf, Grendel is a symbol for "darkness, chaos, and death," according to critic John M. Howell in Understanding John Gardner.
In Gardner’s version, however, Grendel becomes a three-dimensional character with,"a sense of humor and a gift for language." Grendel even has a weakness for poetry. As a would-be artist, Grendel strives, however comically, to escape from his baseness. Such is the power of art, Gardner seems to be saying, that even a monster can be affected by it. Gardner also develops the theme of heroism as another moral force that enables society to advance by elevating
Gardner builds up the role of Grendel’s mother to emphasize, through her inarticulateness, the importance of language in the development of civilization. Gardner also creates a relationship between Grendel and the dragon (another minor character in the original epic) in order to expand the concept of nihilism the belief that there is no purpose to existence.
Through these changes, Gardner is able to develop themes that recur not only in Grendel but throughout his other works: the struggle between good and evil, the clash between order and disorder, the hero’s sacrifice and achievement of immortality, and the importance of art and the artist as a means of affirming the moral meaning of life.
From Grendel
And so I come through trees and towns to the lights of Hrothgar’s meadhall. I am no stranger here. A respected guest. Eleven years now and going on twelve I have come up this clean-mown central hill, dark shadow out of the woods below, and have knocked politely on the high oak door, bursting its hinges and sending the shock of my greeting inward like a cold blast out of a cave. “Grendel!” they squeak, and I smile like exploding spring. The old Shaper, a man I cannot help but admire, goes out the back window with his harp at a single bound, though blind as a bat. The drunkest of Hrothgar’s thanes come reeling and clanking down from their wall-hung beds, all shouting their meady, outrageous boasts, their heavy swords aswirl like eagles’ wings. “Woe, woe, woe!” cries Hrothgar, hoary with winters, peeking in, wide-eyed, from his bedroom in back. His wife, looking in behind him, makes a scene. The thanes in the meadhall blow out the lights and cover the wide stone fireplace with shields. I laugh, crumple over; I can’t help myself. In the darkness, I alone see clear as day. While they squeal and screech and bump into each other, I silently sack up my dead and withdraw to the woods. I eat and laugh and eat until I can barely walk, my chest-hair matted with dribbled blood, and then the roosters on the hill crow, and dawn comes over the roofs of the houses, and all at once I am filled with gloom again.
Beowulf Questions 7-12
7. Lines 131 to 142. What has happened to Grendel?8. Lines 172-178. What is Hrothgar asking Beowulf to do?
9. Lines 179-203. Describe how Beowulf comes to the lair of Grendel's mother. What details remind you that Beowulf is not an ordinary man?
10. Lines 216 to 241. What details in this description of the battle between Grendel’s mother and Beowulf add to your suspense about the outcome? At what point do you think Beowulf may not be successful? What saves him?
11. Lines 242 to 254. How does Beowulf kill Grendel’s mother?
12. Lines 257 to 274. What is Beowulf’s final revenge against Grendel? What action of Beowulfs provides a resolution, or wrapping up, of the episode?
Lines 204-221
Then he saw The mighty water witch, and swung his sword,
His ring-marked blade, straight at her head; The iron sang its fierce song, Sang Beowulf’s strength. But her guest Discovered that no sword could slice her evil Skin, that Hrunting could not hurt her, was useless Now when he needed it. They wrestled, she ripped And tore and clawed at him, bit holes in his helmet, And that too failed him; for the first time in years Of being worn to war it would earn no glory; It was the last time anyone would wear it. But Beowulf Longed only for fame, leaped back
Into battle. He tossed his sword aside, Angry; the steel-edged blade lay where He’d dropped it. If weapons were useless he’d use His hands, the strength in his fingers. So fame Comes to the men who mean to win it And care about nothing else!
Lines 260-275
His heart still angry. He was hunting another Dead monster, and took his weapon with him For final revenge against Grendel’s vicious Attacks, his nighttime raids, over And over, coming to Herot when Hrothgar’s Men slept, killing them in their beds, Eating some on the spot, fifteen Or more, and running to his loathsome moor With another such sickening meal waiting In his pouch. But Beowulf repaid him for those visits, Found him lying dead in his corner, Armless, exactly as that fierce fighter Had sent him out from Herot, then struck off His head with a single swift blow. The body Jerked for the last time, then lay still….
Examining our Hero
In the Hero freewrite, you were asked to list the qualities and virtues of your personal hero.
The class listed honesty, courage, integrity and loyalty as essential characteristics.
In the last passage, Beowulf show himself to be boastful, vengeful and motivated by fame.
Is he really an archetypal hero??
Assignment: Read and Respond to Beowulf Part Two
Sign into your account at my.hrw.com. Read pages 33-38 in the online book. To help you understand what is happening in the story, answer each of the following questions, as you come across certain lines in the text.
275 to 287.
How is this older Beowulf different from the Beowulf who slew Grendel and his mother?
288 to 296. How does Beowulf’s acceptance of fate show his deep sense of responsibility to his people?
Intro to Part Two
Beowulf carries Grendel’s head to King Hrothgar and then returns gift-laden to the land of the Geats, where he succeeds to the throne. After fifty winters pass, Beowulf, now an old man, faces his final task: He must fight a dragon who, angry because a thief has stolen a jeweled cup from the dragon’s hoard of gold, is laying waste to the Geats’ land. Beowulf and eleven warriors are guided to the dragon’s lair by the thief who stole the cup. For Beowulf the price of this last victory will be great.
The Final Battle Lines 275-296
Then he addressed each dear companion one final time, those fighters in their helmets, resolute and high-born: "I would rather not use a weapon if I knew another way to grapple with the dragon and make good my boast as I did against Grendel in days gone by. But I shall be meeting molten venom in the fire he breathes, so I go forth in mail-shirt and shield. I won’t shift a foot when I meet the cave-guard: what occurs on the wall between the two of us will turn out as fate, overseer of men, decides. I am resolved. I scorn further words against this sky-borne foe.
"Men at arms, remain here on the barrow,° safe in your armour, to see which one of us is better in the end at bearing wounds in a deadly fray. This fight is not yours, nor is it up to any man except me to measure his strength against the monster or to prove his worth. I shall win the gold by my courage, or else mortal combat, doom of battle, will bear your lord away."
Lines 297-317
Then he drew himself up beside his shield. The fabled warrior in his warshirt and helmet trusted in his own strength entirely and went under the crag. No coward path. Hard by the rock-face that hale° veteran, a good man who had gone repeatedly into combat and danger and come through, saw a stone arch and a gushing stream that burst from the barrow, blazing and wafting a deadly heat. It would be hard to survive unscathed near the hoard, to hold firm against the dragon in those flaming depths. Then he gave a shout. The lord of the Geats unburdened his breast and broke out in a storm of anger. Under grey stone his voice challenged and resounded clearly. Hate was ignited. The hoard-guard recognized a human voice, the time was over for peace and parleying.° Pouring forth in a hot battle-fume, the breath of the monster burst from the rock. There was a rumble under ground.
Coming up!!
What is the rumble??
What happens next??
Sunday, September 21, 2008
Class Notes September 19th
Today’s Objectives:
Review Beowulf Vocabulary
Examine Beowulf and Grendel
Hero Quickwrite
Epic Conventions
The hero is a figure of great national or even cosmic importance, usually the ideal man of his culture. He often has superhuman or divine traits. He has an imposing physical stature and is greater in all ways than the common man.
The setting is vast in scope. It covers great geographical distances, perhaps even visiting the underworld, other worlds, and other times.
The action consists of deeds of valor or superhuman courage (especially in battle).
Supernatural forces interest themselves in the action and intervene at times.
The style of writing is elevated, even ceremonial.
Beowulf Debate
Some argue the poem was composed orally and extemporaneously, and therefore is the archive of tradition on which it draws is oral, pagan, Germanic, heroic, and tribal. On the other hand, one might posit a poem which is composed by a literate scribe, who acquired literacy by way of learning Latin probably a monk and therefore profoundly Christian in outlook.
Extemporaneously: unplanned, naturally occuring
Posit: to suggest, or postulate
Beowulf Questions
. Lines 25 - 27. These lines foreshadow, or hint at, the outcome of the battle between Grendel and Beowulf. Grendel has been attacking Herot successfully for years. What will be different about this visit to Herot?
2. Lines 44 - 56. Higlac follower is Beowulf. He had earlier sworn to kill Grendel with his bare hands. What details in these lines demonstrate Beowulf’s superhuman strength?
3. Lines 76 - 81. The Almighty’s enemy Gods enemy in line 76 refers to Grendel. Earlier in the epic, Grendel’s origin is explained: He is the offspring of one of the descendants of Cain, the son of Adam and Eve who killed his brother, Abel, and became the first murderer. Cain was eternally cursed by God and, according to legend, fathered all the evil beings that plague humankind: monsters, demons, and evil spirits. In what ways is this battle between Grendel and Beowulf really a battle between good and evil? What details in the description of the battle make this clear?
4. Lines 88 - 94.According to these lines, why cant Beowulf’s men harm Grendel?
5. Lines 99 - 108. How does Beowulf defeat Grendel?
How do we learn these things?
Lines 87 - 103
Could not scratch at his skin, for that sin-stained demon Had bewitched all men’s weapons, laid spells That blunted every mortal man’s blade. And yet his time had come, his days Were over, his death near; down To hell he would go, swept groaning and helpless To the waiting hands of still worse fiends. Now he discovered—once the afflictor Of men, tormentor of their days—what it meant To feud with Almighty God: Grendel Saw that his strength was deserting him, his claws Bound fast, Higlac’s brave follower tearing at His hands.
Lines 104-119
The monster’s hatred rose higher, But his power had gone. He twisted in pain, And the bleeding sinews deep in his shoulder Snapped, muscle and bone split And broke. The battle was over, Beowulf Had been granted new glory: Grendel escaped, But wounded as he was could flee to his den, His miserable hole at the bottom of the marsh, Only to die, to wait for the end Of all his days. And after that bloody Combat the Danes laughed with delight. He who had come to them from across the sea, Bold and strong-minded, had driven affliction Off, purged Herot clean. He was happy, Now, with that night’s fierce work; the Danes Had been served as he’d boasted he’d serve them;
Lines 120-127
Beowulf, A prince of the Geats, had killed Grendel, Ended the grief, the sorrow, the suffering Forced on Hrothgar’s helpless people By a bloodthirsty fiend. No Dane doubted The victory, for the proof, hanging high From the rafters where Beowulf had hung it, was the monster’s Arm, claw and shoulder and all.
Review Beowulf Vocabulary
Examine Beowulf and Grendel
Hero Quickwrite
Epic Conventions
The hero is a figure of great national or even cosmic importance, usually the ideal man of his culture. He often has superhuman or divine traits. He has an imposing physical stature and is greater in all ways than the common man.
The setting is vast in scope. It covers great geographical distances, perhaps even visiting the underworld, other worlds, and other times.
The action consists of deeds of valor or superhuman courage (especially in battle).
Supernatural forces interest themselves in the action and intervene at times.
The style of writing is elevated, even ceremonial.
Beowulf Debate
Some argue the poem was composed orally and extemporaneously, and therefore is the archive of tradition on which it draws is oral, pagan, Germanic, heroic, and tribal. On the other hand, one might posit a poem which is composed by a literate scribe, who acquired literacy by way of learning Latin probably a monk and therefore profoundly Christian in outlook.
Extemporaneously: unplanned, naturally occuring
Posit: to suggest, or postulate
Beowulf Questions
. Lines 25 - 27. These lines foreshadow, or hint at, the outcome of the battle between Grendel and Beowulf. Grendel has been attacking Herot successfully for years. What will be different about this visit to Herot?
2. Lines 44 - 56. Higlac follower is Beowulf. He had earlier sworn to kill Grendel with his bare hands. What details in these lines demonstrate Beowulf’s superhuman strength?
3. Lines 76 - 81. The Almighty’s enemy Gods enemy in line 76 refers to Grendel. Earlier in the epic, Grendel’s origin is explained: He is the offspring of one of the descendants of Cain, the son of Adam and Eve who killed his brother, Abel, and became the first murderer. Cain was eternally cursed by God and, according to legend, fathered all the evil beings that plague humankind: monsters, demons, and evil spirits. In what ways is this battle between Grendel and Beowulf really a battle between good and evil? What details in the description of the battle make this clear?
4. Lines 88 - 94.According to these lines, why cant Beowulf’s men harm Grendel?
5. Lines 99 - 108. How does Beowulf defeat Grendel?
How do we learn these things?
Lines 87 - 103
Could not scratch at his skin, for that sin-stained demon Had bewitched all men’s weapons, laid spells That blunted every mortal man’s blade. And yet his time had come, his days Were over, his death near; down To hell he would go, swept groaning and helpless To the waiting hands of still worse fiends. Now he discovered—once the afflictor Of men, tormentor of their days—what it meant To feud with Almighty God: Grendel Saw that his strength was deserting him, his claws Bound fast, Higlac’s brave follower tearing at His hands.
Lines 104-119
The monster’s hatred rose higher, But his power had gone. He twisted in pain, And the bleeding sinews deep in his shoulder Snapped, muscle and bone split And broke. The battle was over, Beowulf Had been granted new glory: Grendel escaped, But wounded as he was could flee to his den, His miserable hole at the bottom of the marsh, Only to die, to wait for the end Of all his days. And after that bloody Combat the Danes laughed with delight. He who had come to them from across the sea, Bold and strong-minded, had driven affliction Off, purged Herot clean. He was happy, Now, with that night’s fierce work; the Danes Had been served as he’d boasted he’d serve them;
Lines 120-127
Beowulf, A prince of the Geats, had killed Grendel, Ended the grief, the sorrow, the suffering Forced on Hrothgar’s helpless people By a bloodthirsty fiend. No Dane doubted The victory, for the proof, hanging high From the rafters where Beowulf had hung it, was the monster’s Arm, claw and shoulder and all.
Thursday, September 18, 2008
Wednesday, September 17, 2008
Monday, September 15, 2008
Look what I did this weekend!
The Valley Forge Metric Century (65 miles)
This route continues on from the Cedar Grove Park rest stop and offers a panoramic view of center city Philadelphia from the top of Potshop Road before following the ridge line past the last farms of Montgomery County out to our Evansburg State Park rest stop. From there you will follow the Perkiomen Creek into Lower Perkiomen Park and the final rest stop at the Betzwood picnic area in historic Valley Forge National Park before returning to Philadelphia.
I did the metric option. This map is for the standard 100 mile century but it gives you an idea of the ride!
This route continues on from the Cedar Grove Park rest stop and offers a panoramic view of center city Philadelphia from the top of Potshop Road before following the ridge line past the last farms of Montgomery County out to our Evansburg State Park rest stop. From there you will follow the Perkiomen Creek into Lower Perkiomen Park and the final rest stop at the Betzwood picnic area in historic Valley Forge National Park before returning to Philadelphia.
I did the metric option. This map is for the standard 100 mile century but it gives you an idea of the ride!
Full Text of Beowulf
As requested, I found a website with the complete poem.
CLICK HERE if you would like to read the entire poem.
Sunday, September 14, 2008
John Gardner's Grendel
For more information about the novel Grendel click HERE
To read a letter from John Grendel to a class reading his book: CLICK HERE!
Saturday, September 13, 2008
Beowulf Part One Questions
Login into www.myhrw.com. Read pages 18-28 from the Elements of Literature test. Answer the following questions in complete and original sentences. Demonstrate your understanding of the text in each response. Be prepared to discuss the text in the class chats.
1. Lines 25 - 27. These lines foreshadow, or hint at, the outcome of the battle between Grendel and Beowulf.
Grendel has been attacking Herot successfully for years. What will be different about this visit to Herot?
2. Lines 44 - 56. Higlac's follower is Beowulf. He had earlier sworn to kill Grendel with his bare hands. What details in these lines demonstrate Beowulf's superhuman strength?
3. Lines 76 - 81. The Almighty's enemy God's enemy in line 76 refers to Grendel. Earlier in the epic, Grendels origin is explained: He is the offspring of one of the descendants of Cain, the son of Adam and Eve who killed his brother, Abel, and became the first murderer. Cain was eternally cursed by God and, according to legend, fathered all the evil beings that plague humankind: monsters, demons, and evil spirits. In what ways is this battle between Grendel and Beowulf really a battle between good and evil? What details in the description of the battle make this clear?
4. Lines 88 - 94.According to these lines, why cant Beowulfs men harm Grendel?
5. Lines 99 - 108. How does Beowulf defeat Grendel?
6. Lines 123 - 126. How does Beowulf prove his victory over Grendel? Why might he do this?
7. Lines 131 to 142. What has happened to Grendel?
8. Lines 172-178. What is Hrothgar asking Beowulf to do?
9. Lines 179-203. Describe how Beowulf comes to the lair of Grendel's mother. What details remind you that Beowulf is not an ordinary man?
10. Lines 216 to 241. What details in this description of the battle between Grendel's mother and Beowulf add to your suspense about the outcome? At what point do you think Beowulf may not be successful? What saves him?
11. Lines 242 to 254. How does Beowulf kill Grendel's mother?
12. Lines 257 to 274. What is Beowulf's final revenge against Grendel? What action of Beowulf's provides a resolution, or wrapping up, of the episode?
1. Lines 25 - 27. These lines foreshadow, or hint at, the outcome of the battle between Grendel and Beowulf.
Grendel has been attacking Herot successfully for years. What will be different about this visit to Herot?
2. Lines 44 - 56. Higlac's follower is Beowulf. He had earlier sworn to kill Grendel with his bare hands. What details in these lines demonstrate Beowulf's superhuman strength?
3. Lines 76 - 81. The Almighty's enemy God's enemy in line 76 refers to Grendel. Earlier in the epic, Grendels origin is explained: He is the offspring of one of the descendants of Cain, the son of Adam and Eve who killed his brother, Abel, and became the first murderer. Cain was eternally cursed by God and, according to legend, fathered all the evil beings that plague humankind: monsters, demons, and evil spirits. In what ways is this battle between Grendel and Beowulf really a battle between good and evil? What details in the description of the battle make this clear?
4. Lines 88 - 94.According to these lines, why cant Beowulfs men harm Grendel?
5. Lines 99 - 108. How does Beowulf defeat Grendel?
6. Lines 123 - 126. How does Beowulf prove his victory over Grendel? Why might he do this?
7. Lines 131 to 142. What has happened to Grendel?
8. Lines 172-178. What is Hrothgar asking Beowulf to do?
9. Lines 179-203. Describe how Beowulf comes to the lair of Grendel's mother. What details remind you that Beowulf is not an ordinary man?
10. Lines 216 to 241. What details in this description of the battle between Grendel's mother and Beowulf add to your suspense about the outcome? At what point do you think Beowulf may not be successful? What saves him?
11. Lines 242 to 254. How does Beowulf kill Grendel's mother?
12. Lines 257 to 274. What is Beowulf's final revenge against Grendel? What action of Beowulf's provides a resolution, or wrapping up, of the episode?
Friday, September 12, 2008
Class Notes September 12th
English 12 September 12, 2008
TODAY’S OBJECTIVES:
Review Course Information and Questions??
Examine Epic Conventions
Preview Beowulf
Most epics center around the battle between good and evil.
Explain this quote
The brooding fatalism of pagan Anglo-Saxon culture gives the first great British epic, Beowulf, its melancholy tone and its emphasis on earthly heroism rather than hope for an afterlife.
What Does “Anglo-Saxon England” Mean?
The people farmed, maintained local governments, and created fine crafts, especially metalwork.
Christianity eventually replaced the old warrior religion, linking England to continental Europe.
Monasteries served as centers of learning and preserved works from the older oral tradition.
English—not just the Church’s Latin—gained respect as a written language.
Map of United Kingdom
Scops
The Anglo-Saxons did not regard these bards—whom they called scops (skäps)—as inferior to warriors. To the Anglo-Saxons, creating poetry was as important as fighting, hunting, farming, or loving.
For the non-Christian Anglo-Saxons, whose religion offered them no hope of an afterlife, only fame and its commemoration in poetry could provide a defense against death.
Bonus Question: Who is known as The Bard?
Answer: Shakespeare!
Beowulf
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Getting the story out
Oral Tradition – a work, a motif, an idea, or a custom that is passed by word-of-mouth from generation to generation.
Many stories from the oral tradition of people around the globe contain fantastic, or unbelievable, elements.
Epic Conventions
Kenning
Modern examples
The creation of kennings is still very much alive in English, as when an accountant is described as a number cruncher or a big radio is called a boom box.
Give it a try!
Who “wrote” Beowulf?
We don’t know!
Author Considered Anonymous
Story was passed down via oral tradition
People, Monsters, and Places
Beowulf: King of the Geats from Sweden.
Grendel: man-eating monster who lives at the bottom of a foul mere, or mountain lake.
Herot: golden guest hall built by King Hrothgar, the Danish ruler.
Hrothgar: king of the Danes, builder of Herot. He had once befriended Beowulf’s father. His father was called Healfdane (which probably means “half Dane”).
Story Fundamentals
As the epic begins, we are introduced to King Hrothgar, a revered and successful leader who has ruled the Danes for many years. He has recently built the mead hall Herot to commemorate his many victories. As Hrothgar’s men celebrate and enjoy life in Herot, however, a monster called Grendel lurks in the swamps nearby, seething with resentment and hatred for humans. Eventually Grendel attacks Herot and mercilessly kills thirty of Hrothgar’s men. This marks the beginning of Grendel’s reign of terror over the Danes, which lasts for twelve years.
Rescue finally comes in the form of a great warrior named Beowulf who hails from the land of the Geats (Sweden). Beowulf hears of Hrothgar’s troubles and decides to journey to Denmark with some of his strongest men to do battle with Grendel. Once he arrives, he meets with Hrothgar and boasts of his numerous past achievements, which qualify him to challenge Grendel. Beowulf then announces that he will fight the monster that night without weapons. A celebratory feast ensues. As it ends, Beowulf and his men take the place of Hrothgar’s followers and lie down to sleep in Herot. Beowulf, however, is wakeful, eager to meet his enemy. He is not kept waiting long.
What foreign languages have influenced the English language?
What language is the root of 60% of English words?
LATIN!!
You will see soon why it important to know your roots.
Sage advice from Franklin
If you would not be forgotten, as soon as you are dead and rotten, either write things worth reading, or do things worth writing about.
Benjamin Franklin
TODAY’S OBJECTIVES:
Review Course Information and Questions??
Examine Epic Conventions
Preview Beowulf
Most epics center around the battle between good and evil.
Explain this quote
The brooding fatalism of pagan Anglo-Saxon culture gives the first great British epic, Beowulf, its melancholy tone and its emphasis on earthly heroism rather than hope for an afterlife.
What Does “Anglo-Saxon England” Mean?
The people farmed, maintained local governments, and created fine crafts, especially metalwork.
Christianity eventually replaced the old warrior religion, linking England to continental Europe.
Monasteries served as centers of learning and preserved works from the older oral tradition.
English—not just the Church’s Latin—gained respect as a written language.
Map of United Kingdom
Scops
The Anglo-Saxons did not regard these bards—whom they called scops (skäps)—as inferior to warriors. To the Anglo-Saxons, creating poetry was as important as fighting, hunting, farming, or loving.
For the non-Christian Anglo-Saxons, whose religion offered them no hope of an afterlife, only fame and its commemoration in poetry could provide a defense against death.
Bonus Question: Who is known as The Bard?
Answer: Shakespeare!
Beowulf
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Getting the story out
Oral Tradition – a work, a motif, an idea, or a custom that is passed by word-of-mouth from generation to generation.
Many stories from the oral tradition of people around the globe contain fantastic, or unbelievable, elements.
Epic Conventions
Kenning
Modern examples
The creation of kennings is still very much alive in English, as when an accountant is described as a number cruncher or a big radio is called a boom box.
Give it a try!
Who “wrote” Beowulf?
We don’t know!
Author Considered Anonymous
Story was passed down via oral tradition
People, Monsters, and Places
Beowulf: King of the Geats from Sweden.
Grendel: man-eating monster who lives at the bottom of a foul mere, or mountain lake.
Herot: golden guest hall built by King Hrothgar, the Danish ruler.
Hrothgar: king of the Danes, builder of Herot. He had once befriended Beowulf’s father. His father was called Healfdane (which probably means “half Dane”).
Story Fundamentals
As the epic begins, we are introduced to King Hrothgar, a revered and successful leader who has ruled the Danes for many years. He has recently built the mead hall Herot to commemorate his many victories. As Hrothgar’s men celebrate and enjoy life in Herot, however, a monster called Grendel lurks in the swamps nearby, seething with resentment and hatred for humans. Eventually Grendel attacks Herot and mercilessly kills thirty of Hrothgar’s men. This marks the beginning of Grendel’s reign of terror over the Danes, which lasts for twelve years.
Rescue finally comes in the form of a great warrior named Beowulf who hails from the land of the Geats (Sweden). Beowulf hears of Hrothgar’s troubles and decides to journey to Denmark with some of his strongest men to do battle with Grendel. Once he arrives, he meets with Hrothgar and boasts of his numerous past achievements, which qualify him to challenge Grendel. Beowulf then announces that he will fight the monster that night without weapons. A celebratory feast ensues. As it ends, Beowulf and his men take the place of Hrothgar’s followers and lie down to sleep in Herot. Beowulf, however, is wakeful, eager to meet his enemy. He is not kept waiting long.
What foreign languages have influenced the English language?
What language is the root of 60% of English words?
LATIN!!
You will see soon why it important to know your roots.
Sage advice from Franklin
If you would not be forgotten, as soon as you are dead and rotten, either write things worth reading, or do things worth writing about.
Benjamin Franklin
Tuesday, September 9, 2008
Class Notes from September 9th
English 12 September 9, 2008
TODAY’S OBJECTIVES:
COURSE TIMELINE AND PROCEDURES
GETTING TO KNOW EACH OTHER AND
THE NEW TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION TO COLLECTION ONE
First Assignment: All About ME!!
Bowling with some of my favorite former students.
Undergrad: University of Delaware
Master’s: St. Joseph’s University
Teaching Experience:
Years of tutoring: SAT and writing
Two years teaching ESL to international students.
One year in college admissions and financial age.
Four years teaching Secondary English: 8th grade, 11th and 12th
PA Certified in English, Social Studies and ESOL
AIM ADDRESS: creynoldsAHCS
Make sure that you send me a hello message this week!
Textbook
Elements of Literature: Sixth Course
Available at http://my.hrw.com
You need Username and Password.
Email me if you have not received your info.
Microphones
Trouble Shooting:
Mics MUST be plugged into the jacks in the back (the ones in front do not work)
If there is a mute on the line, they need to be sure it’s not muted (personal headsets)
The must be sure they put the plugs into their proper jacks
Turn volume up on screen
Pop Quiz!!
What is an Anglo Saxon?
What is an epic?
What is an archetype?
What is a archetypal hero?
Answers to the Quiz
Anglo Saxons are a group of invaders from Germany that conquered England in the 5th century.
An epic is a quest or story on a grand scale. An epic poem a long narrative poem that describes the travels and brave deeds of a hero in battle.
An archetype is a perfect example.
An archetypal hero is perfect hero.
First Collection: Anglo Saxons 449–1066
Collection 1: THE ANGLO-SAXONS 449-1065
Political and Social Milestones and Introduction to the Literary Period: The Anglo-Saxons by David Adams Leeming, 6
Beowulf (Introduction), 18
from Beowulf translated by Burton Raffel, 20
The Battle with Grendel, 21
The Monster’s Mother, 26
Connection/from Grendel by John Gardner, 29
Connection/Life in 999: A Grim Struggle by Howard G. Chua-Eoan, 30
from Beowulf, The Final Battle translated by Seamus Heaney, 33
Get started reading
Political and Social Milestones and Introduction to the Literary Period: The Anglo-Saxons by David Adams Leeming, 6
Read carefully you will need to answer questions on key terms and events.
TODAY’S OBJECTIVES:
COURSE TIMELINE AND PROCEDURES
GETTING TO KNOW EACH OTHER AND
THE NEW TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION TO COLLECTION ONE
First Assignment: All About ME!!
Bowling with some of my favorite former students.
Undergrad: University of Delaware
Master’s: St. Joseph’s University
Teaching Experience:
Years of tutoring: SAT and writing
Two years teaching ESL to international students.
One year in college admissions and financial age.
Four years teaching Secondary English: 8th grade, 11th and 12th
PA Certified in English, Social Studies and ESOL
AIM ADDRESS: creynoldsAHCS
Make sure that you send me a hello message this week!
Textbook
Elements of Literature: Sixth Course
Available at http://my.hrw.com
You need Username and Password.
Email me if you have not received your info.
Microphones
Trouble Shooting:
Mics MUST be plugged into the jacks in the back (the ones in front do not work)
If there is a mute on the line, they need to be sure it’s not muted (personal headsets)
The must be sure they put the plugs into their proper jacks
Turn volume up on screen
Pop Quiz!!
What is an Anglo Saxon?
What is an epic?
What is an archetype?
What is a archetypal hero?
Answers to the Quiz
Anglo Saxons are a group of invaders from Germany that conquered England in the 5th century.
An epic is a quest or story on a grand scale. An epic poem a long narrative poem that describes the travels and brave deeds of a hero in battle.
An archetype is a perfect example.
An archetypal hero is perfect hero.
First Collection: Anglo Saxons 449–1066
Collection 1: THE ANGLO-SAXONS 449-1065
Political and Social Milestones and Introduction to the Literary Period: The Anglo-Saxons by David Adams Leeming, 6
Beowulf (Introduction), 18
from Beowulf translated by Burton Raffel, 20
The Battle with Grendel, 21
The Monster’s Mother, 26
Connection/from Grendel by John Gardner, 29
Connection/Life in 999: A Grim Struggle by Howard G. Chua-Eoan, 30
from Beowulf, The Final Battle translated by Seamus Heaney, 33
Get started reading
Political and Social Milestones and Introduction to the Literary Period: The Anglo-Saxons by David Adams Leeming, 6
Read carefully you will need to answer questions on key terms and events.
Thursday, September 4, 2008
ALL ABOUT ME
Below are my responses to a survey I would like to have you complete during your first week. Look through my responses to get to know me. Then, copy and paste the survey into a Microsoft Word. Erase my responses and include your own. Then, send your responses to me, using the report method in the assignment section of the course homepage.
Preferred Class Name: Ms. Reynolds
Personal e-mail Address: marycaseyreynolds@gmail.com Please use school mail, first.
Address: Philadelphia, PA
PHOTO:
Educational Background and Work Experience: Bachelors of Science in International Relations from the University of Delaware and Master’s of Education from Saint Joseph’s University. I have worked as a tutor, an English teacher, a curriculum developer, and a curriculum specialist.
Words or Phrases that Describe Me: quirky, spontaneous, life-long learner, go-getter, animal lover, curious, enthusiastic
Interests/Hobbies: Biking!! Running, reading, writing, movies, traveling, music, laughing, being with friends and family, football, playing pool, concerts, smiling, working out, cooking (and eating!), the beach.
Priorities or Things that are Important to Me: Family, friends, knowledge, honesty, health.
An interesting fact about me: I have been to over 25 countries. I am training to complete the MS Society Bike to the Bay this September. My goal is to bike 150 miles and raise $1000 for the MS Society.
Goals in this Course: I hope every student will learn about the connection between history and literature while becoming more effective and logical readers and writers.
Career Goals: My career goals are to continue working in education and to obtain Master's and Doctorate degrees in my discipline.
Contact Information: creynoldsAHCS
English 12 Course Syllabus for 2008-9 School Year
English 12 is world literature course that helps students gain a fuller understanding of the past as they read classic and contemporary literature, complete writing assignments, and study what literature can reveal about issues and ideas in world history. The text and course work are arranged chronologically, with each collection focusing on themes that emerge naturally from each literary period. The class will also focus on writing, reading, and thinking skills that are a part of any senior-level English class. There is a strong emphasis on writing technique and on improving vocabulary. Students will also prepare and practice for Senior Project and life after high school.
Course objectives and Methods of Instruction:
• To become critical readers in a variety of genres of literature• To develop writing skills by composing in a wide variety of forms, journal entries, analysis of literature, persuasive essays, research papers, and others
• To develop proficiency and confidence in public speaking through a variety of individual and small-group presentations
• To develop and improve grammar and vocabulary learning through texts read, written, edited and critiqued in class
• To learn how to use and evaluate research tools effectively by producing a research projects
Resources/Major Texts:
• Elements of Literature: Sixth Course. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. Your book is online at http://my.hrw.com. You will receive your username and password within the next week.
• 1984 and Animal Farm, George Orwell
Instructor: Ms. Mary Casey Reynolds
AIM: creynoldsAHCS
Phone: 610-405-8011
Blog: www.reynoldsenglish12.blogspot.com
Chat Schedule: Tuesdays and Fridays from 9:00am to 10:30am. If you can attend live, you must watch the recording within 48 hours. Please make every effort to attend live.
Office Hours: Wednesdays from 8:00am to 9:30am. I am available in my personal classroom for tutoring and extra assistance each week. If you need extra help and these hours don’t fit your schedule, we can set up alternative times as necessary. I am also available on AOL instant messenger several hours a day.
Rules and Procedures:
Attendance: All students should attend live chats whenever possible. If you can not attend live chat, you must view the recording and complete the related assignment within 48 hours.
Late Policy: All assignments must be submitted on time. Late work will not receive credit.
Plagiarism: Cheating will not be tolerated in ANY form. Plagiarism is using others’ ideas and words without clearly acknowledging the source of that information. This can happen intentionally or accidentally. You can review techniques to avoid plagiarism at http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/01/
Anyone caught cheating will receive an instant zero on the assignment. I take plagiarism very seriously. I will scan suspicious submissions and refer offenders to the principal. Please don’t do it! It’s not worth the risk!
COURSE TIMELINE
INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE
Getting to Know You: Personal Introduction
Collection 1: THE ANGLO-SAXONS 449-1065
Political and Social Milestones, 4
Introduction to the Literary Period: The Anglo-Saxons by David Adams Leeming, 6
Beowulf (Introduction), 18
from Beowulf translated by Burton Raffel, 20
The Battle with Grendel, 21
The Monster’s Mother, 26
Connection/from Grendel by John Gardner, 29
Connection/Life in 999: A Grim Struggle by Howard G. Chua-Eoan, 30
from Beowulf, The Final Battle translated by Seamus Heaney, 33
Connection/The Fury of the Northmen by Ellen Ashdown, 39
Connecting to World Literature Epics: Stories on a Grand Scale by David Adams Leeming, 44
the Iliad, from Book 22: The Death of Hector by Homer, translated by Robert Fagles, 56
Writing Workshop: Writing a Descriptive Essay, 74
Collection 2: THE MIDDLE AGES 1066-1485, 89
Time Line/Political and Social Milestones,
Introduction to the Literary Period: The Middle Ages by David Adams
Lord Randall,
Get Up and Bar the Door,
The Canterbury Tales: Snapshot of an Age (Introduction),
from The Canterbury Tales, by Geoffrey Chaucer
The Prologue,
from The Pardoner’s Tale,
from The Wife of Bath’s Tale,
Connecting to World Literature
The Frame Story: A Tale Linking Tales by David Adams Leeming,
The Decameron
Collection 3: THE RENAISSANCE 1485-1660, 233
Political and Social Milestones, 236
Introduction to the Literary Period: The Renaissance by C. F. Main, 238
To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time by Robert Herrick, 263
To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell, 267
Shakespeare’s Sonnets: The Mysteries of Love (Introduction), 275
Sonnet 42 by Francesco Petrarch, translated by Joseph Auslander, 276
Sonnet 18 by William Shakespeare, 278
Sonnet 29 by William Shakespeare, 278
Sonnet 30 by William Shakespeare, 280
Sonnet 71 by William Shakespeare, 282
Sonnet 116 by William Shakespeare, 283
Sonnet 130 by William Shakespeare, 284
Sonnet 23 by Louise Labé, translated by Willis Barnstone, 285
Blow, Blow, Thou Winter Wind by William Shakespeare, 286
To be, or not to be from Hamlet by William Shakespeare, 292
Death be not proud by John Donne, 312
Political Points of View: Education and Equality, 322
Of Studies by Francis Bacon, 324
Primary Source: Axioms
Collection 4: THE RESTORATION AND THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 1660-1800, 407
Time Line and Political and Social Milestones Introduction to the Literary Period: The Restoration and the Eighteenth Century by C. F. Main
A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift,
Heroic Couplets by Alexander Pope,
The Sting of Satire by Robert DeMaria, Jr.,
from Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes, translated by Samuel Putnam
Political Points of View: Women’s Rights
from A Vindication of the Rights of Woman by Mary Wollstonecraft
from Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe
Collection 5 and 6: The ROMANTIC AND THE VICTORIAN 1800-1900
• The Rise of Realism: Short Fiction Case Study featuring Tolstoy and Kipling
Collection 7: THE MODERN WORLD 1900 to the Present, 799
• A World at War: Readings from Duras and Wiesel
• George Orwell Case Study: Readings from 1984 and Animal Farm
• Resume Writing Assignment
Course objectives and Methods of Instruction:
• To become critical readers in a variety of genres of literature• To develop writing skills by composing in a wide variety of forms, journal entries, analysis of literature, persuasive essays, research papers, and others
• To develop proficiency and confidence in public speaking through a variety of individual and small-group presentations
• To develop and improve grammar and vocabulary learning through texts read, written, edited and critiqued in class
• To learn how to use and evaluate research tools effectively by producing a research projects
Resources/Major Texts:
• Elements of Literature: Sixth Course. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. Your book is online at http://my.hrw.com. You will receive your username and password within the next week.
• 1984 and Animal Farm, George Orwell
Instructor: Ms. Mary Casey Reynolds
AIM: creynoldsAHCS
Phone: 610-405-8011
Blog: www.reynoldsenglish12.blogspot.com
Chat Schedule: Tuesdays and Fridays from 9:00am to 10:30am. If you can attend live, you must watch the recording within 48 hours. Please make every effort to attend live.
Office Hours: Wednesdays from 8:00am to 9:30am. I am available in my personal classroom for tutoring and extra assistance each week. If you need extra help and these hours don’t fit your schedule, we can set up alternative times as necessary. I am also available on AOL instant messenger several hours a day.
Rules and Procedures:
Attendance: All students should attend live chats whenever possible. If you can not attend live chat, you must view the recording and complete the related assignment within 48 hours.
Late Policy: All assignments must be submitted on time. Late work will not receive credit.
Plagiarism: Cheating will not be tolerated in ANY form. Plagiarism is using others’ ideas and words without clearly acknowledging the source of that information. This can happen intentionally or accidentally. You can review techniques to avoid plagiarism at http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/01/
Anyone caught cheating will receive an instant zero on the assignment. I take plagiarism very seriously. I will scan suspicious submissions and refer offenders to the principal. Please don’t do it! It’s not worth the risk!
COURSE TIMELINE
INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE
Getting to Know You: Personal Introduction
Collection 1: THE ANGLO-SAXONS 449-1065
Political and Social Milestones, 4
Introduction to the Literary Period: The Anglo-Saxons by David Adams Leeming, 6
Beowulf (Introduction), 18
from Beowulf translated by Burton Raffel, 20
The Battle with Grendel, 21
The Monster’s Mother, 26
Connection/from Grendel by John Gardner, 29
Connection/Life in 999: A Grim Struggle by Howard G. Chua-Eoan, 30
from Beowulf, The Final Battle translated by Seamus Heaney, 33
Connection/The Fury of the Northmen by Ellen Ashdown, 39
Connecting to World Literature Epics: Stories on a Grand Scale by David Adams Leeming, 44
the Iliad, from Book 22: The Death of Hector by Homer, translated by Robert Fagles, 56
Writing Workshop: Writing a Descriptive Essay, 74
Collection 2: THE MIDDLE AGES 1066-1485, 89
Time Line/Political and Social Milestones,
Introduction to the Literary Period: The Middle Ages by David Adams
Lord Randall,
Get Up and Bar the Door,
The Canterbury Tales: Snapshot of an Age (Introduction),
from The Canterbury Tales, by Geoffrey Chaucer
The Prologue,
from The Pardoner’s Tale,
from The Wife of Bath’s Tale,
Connecting to World Literature
The Frame Story: A Tale Linking Tales by David Adams Leeming,
The Decameron
Collection 3: THE RENAISSANCE 1485-1660, 233
Political and Social Milestones, 236
Introduction to the Literary Period: The Renaissance by C. F. Main, 238
To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time by Robert Herrick, 263
To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell, 267
Shakespeare’s Sonnets: The Mysteries of Love (Introduction), 275
Sonnet 42 by Francesco Petrarch, translated by Joseph Auslander, 276
Sonnet 18 by William Shakespeare, 278
Sonnet 29 by William Shakespeare, 278
Sonnet 30 by William Shakespeare, 280
Sonnet 71 by William Shakespeare, 282
Sonnet 116 by William Shakespeare, 283
Sonnet 130 by William Shakespeare, 284
Sonnet 23 by Louise Labé, translated by Willis Barnstone, 285
Blow, Blow, Thou Winter Wind by William Shakespeare, 286
To be, or not to be from Hamlet by William Shakespeare, 292
Death be not proud by John Donne, 312
Political Points of View: Education and Equality, 322
Of Studies by Francis Bacon, 324
Primary Source: Axioms
Collection 4: THE RESTORATION AND THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 1660-1800, 407
Time Line and Political and Social Milestones Introduction to the Literary Period: The Restoration and the Eighteenth Century by C. F. Main
A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift,
Heroic Couplets by Alexander Pope,
The Sting of Satire by Robert DeMaria, Jr.,
from Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes, translated by Samuel Putnam
Political Points of View: Women’s Rights
from A Vindication of the Rights of Woman by Mary Wollstonecraft
from Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe
Collection 5 and 6: The ROMANTIC AND THE VICTORIAN 1800-1900
• The Rise of Realism: Short Fiction Case Study featuring Tolstoy and Kipling
Collection 7: THE MODERN WORLD 1900 to the Present, 799
• A World at War: Readings from Duras and Wiesel
• George Orwell Case Study: Readings from 1984 and Animal Farm
• Resume Writing Assignment
Monday, September 1, 2008
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